Ceklog

Como contaba en mi antigua bitácora, hemos construido un Coche/Robot que tiene como disco duro un Pendrive de 256 MB en el que se le ha instalado una distribución GNU/Linux.

Lo principal de todo es que la BIOS de la placa base debe tener la opción de arrancar desde disco duro USB (USB-HDD) o en su defecto desde USB-ZIP, una vez configurada hay que hacer el Pendrive “bootable” o autoarrancable e instalarle una distribución de GNU/Linux para que arranque.
Es posible que con placas base antiguas no se tenga la posibilidad de arrancar desde USB, la solución a este problema sería usar un diskette auxiliar de arranque en el que deberíamos grabar esta imagen.

A continuación vamos a explicar los pasos que hay que llevar a cabo para configurar el arranque en el Pendrive.
• Lo primero y más importante de todo es saber si el Pendrive que vamos a utilizar soporta el arranque desde USB.
• Una vez comprobado esto primero deberemos formatearlo con un sistema de ficheros FAT para que se puede arrancar de él.
• Posteriormente y en nuestro caso, debemos tener disponible un ordenador en el que esté instalado el Windows 98 o el Windows ME para poder configurar el PenDrive como disco de arranque, ya que se necesitan los ficheros de arranque del Windows 98 o del Windows ME para ser copiados en el pendrive.
• Después arrancaremos el programa mFormat que se encuentra en el CD del Pendrive o el programa que traiga el CD de utilidades de cada Pendrive concreto.
• Y deberemos seleccionar la opción para que nos haga un Pendrive arrancable desde USB-HDD
• Una vez hecho esto ya tenemos configurado correctamente el pendrive para que arranque.

Ahora vamos a explicar como se le puede meter una distribución de GNU/Linux al pendrive.
• Vamos a explicar en concreto como se puede instalar la distribución Feather Linux que es la que mejores resultados nos ha dado. Esta es una distribución que corre completamente desde un Pendrive USB y que necesita sólo 64 MB de espacio. Es una Knoppix “remasterizada” (basada en Debian), e incluye el software que casi todo el mundo uso diariamente en un ordenador.

¿Qué aplicaciones incluye?: pues la versión 0.5.1 que es la que nosotros hemos instalado incluye:

Kernel 2.4.26, Ted, ABS, Dillo (patched for frames and tabs), XMMS and plugins, wavplay, mpg321, ogg123 and other Ogg Vorbis tools, Sylpheed, axyFTP, emelFM, cdrecord, mkisofs, rdesktop, tcpdump, parted, partimage, antiword, e2undel, iftop, bbpager, utelnetd, minicom, index, gpart, socat, traceroute, SciTE, prozilla, Midnight Commander, Samba, apsfilter, mplayer, mount.app, chntpw, zile, tinycc, nano, Xpaint, Xzgv, Xpdf, naim, hdparm, usbview, index, recoverdm, mtr, cdparanoia, betaftpd, Mutella, Chipmunk Basic, gqcam, e3, lua, ettercap, wavemon, iptables, recover, amap, hping2, cabextract, splitvt, pciutils, LinNeighborhood, nmap and nmapfe, portmap and nfs-common, aumix, CTorrent, VNCviewer, sqlite, links-hacked, SSH and SCP, DHCP client, xtdesktop, PPP and PPPoE support, NTFS resize support, the Monkey webserver, Xcalc, Fluxbox, evilwm, the XBase apps, and the various standard console and system tools.

El changelog de la versión utilizada de Feather Linux es este:

Pending changes:
- Multi-user login
- System status monitor
- Selective multisession customisation
- PSS function

Changes from 0.5 to 0.5.1:

- Reincluded Chipmunk Basic and iftop
- The command “xterm” is now functional
- Added script to download Brag
- Added cdparanoia
- Fixed Opera and HD install scripts
- Fixed xpdf
- Fixed all scripts that require the dpkg structure

Changes from 0.4.2 to 0.5:

- Feather is now based on Knoppix 3.4, and thus many improvements have been
made. MADWIFI, prism54 and speedtouch drivers are now included, and
superior hardware support is found throughout.
- Gimp script fixed.
- Due to the remaster from 3.4, more of Feather is Debian-based. Specialist
packages for areas of Feather have been included.
- Removed picocom
- Added ncrypt and minicom, and reincluded ndiswrapper (0.7)
- Added tcc documentation
- Added scripts to install Ruby, Python, Folding@Home and GIMPS
- CUPS has been replaced with apsfilter and ghostscript
- Updated Opera script to 7.51
- Feather customisation changed - now the directory must be specified
(i.e. knoppix custom=extra). This allows for several “versions” of
Feather on one CD or USB stick.

Changes from 0.4.1 to 0.4.2:
- Added customisation ability - simply place all the .deb, .tgz and .tar.gz
files in an /extra directory on your CD-ROM or USB stick, create a
“deblist” file which contains the names of the .debs and the order to
install them, and then boot with “knoppix custom”.
- Added PSS, a self-written music server to stream music over your network.
See /home/knoppix/docs/pss.html for details.
- Updated XMMS to 1.2.10
- Added gaim script
- tcc now works
- Removed knoppix-terminalserver because of unsatisfied dependencies
- Downgraded libpcap and tcpdump to 0.7.2 because of PPP problems and to
satisfy apt-get
- Added alsaconf and usbview and updated Getting Started accordingly
- Updated aMSN script to 0.91
- Added Lua properties sheet for SciTE
- Updated naim, and added links for nirc, nicq and nlily
- Removed TinyIRC as nirc is now available
- Updated and Debianised partimage
- Added the hostent Perl module for PSS
- Fixed wdict and xpuyopuyo script
- Added code to save memory on scripts
- Added icon creation to Openoffice.org script

Changes from 0.4.0 to 0.4.1:
- Updated list of documentation and organised scripts
- Added bcrypt, xmms-cdread
- Added scripts to download Audacity, and to remove the dpkg structure (rm-dpkg)
- Added serial mouse option to X setup
- Updated Monkey to 0.8.2 and changed daemon script accordingly
- Added memory checks to some scripts
- Fixed error with /opt on bootup
- Changed dillo homepage
- Added “xdef” boot option - boots with 1024×768, 3 button mouse, 16-bit depth
- Replaced XCDRoast with Gcombust
- Added libpcap and tcpdump (non-Debian, 0.8.3 not available as .deb)
- Updated wdict
- Changed some options on the F2 boot screen
- Tweaked emelfm and Scite
- Updated “Getting Started”
- Fixed Java script
- Fixed Sylpheed menu entry
- Replaced fbrun with grun
- Added Scite documentation
- Fixed some permission ambiguities on some scripts
- Fixed PPP bug that asked for root password
- Added some Perl modules that add file-related functions (mainly for wdict)
- Fixed antiword bug

Changes from 0.3.9 to 0.4.0:
- Updated Openoffice script to 1.1.1
- Fixed localscript.sh
- Fixed xterm colours
- Fixed Synaptic script
- Added “noicons” option to stop XTDesk loading on bootup
- Changed frequency option to DPI in X setup routine
- Added poor man’s install script (type sudo pm_install) - very experimental
- Added xsri to set background (bsetbg now works)
- Added whowto, a script to grab and view HOWTOs (e.g. type whowto 3-Button-Mouse) and wdict
- Added scripts to download aMSN, Abiword and xpuyopuyo
- Included xmms-volnorm
- Added evilwm (run it by booting with knoppix evilwm)
- Changed boot image
*** Errata: tcc still does not function completely.

Notes: Feather Linux now has a minimal mode. Boot with “knoppix noicons evilwm”
to see how minimalistic a desktop can become.

Changes from 0.3.8 to 0.3.9:
- Emelfm now runs as root
- Made /etc/samba/smb.conf and firewall configuration files writable from CD
- Added index, recoverdm, mtr and wmapm
- Added –passive-ftp option to scripts
- Small changes to HD install script
- Added Synaptic script (experimental)
- Small changes to Getting Started HOWTO
- Fixed ABS size, tcc, and keymap selection
- Made xterm colours match up
- SSHd, NFS services and the Monkey webserver are now startable from the boot line (e.g. knoppix monkey).
- Added APM support
- Updated wman
- Changed restoration system (now specify files to restore in restore.list)
- Made sudo work properly on HD installs

Changes from 0.3.7 to 0.3.8:
- Fixed Sylpheed size
- Added Mplayer config files
- Added Arno’s iptables script and fwb-run (thanks to Sundance)
- Fixed xterm menu colours
- Added online manpages and HOWTOs links on the Fluxbox menu
- Added wman, an online manpage viewer script
- Added Getting Started HOWTO
- Changed Opera script to work properly from HD
- Made small changes to the HD install script
- Added Mutella, fbset and Chipmunk Basic
- Feather now runs as user knoppix
- Rewrote restoration system - now you need to type restore=sda1 restore=hda1, etc.
- Added script to install the Gimp

Changes from 0.3.6 to 0.3.7:
- Added betaftpd, gqcam, e3, lua, ettercap, wavemon, wmsetbg, iptables (no firewall config script as yet)
- Made some changes to sndconfig
- Removed the “nolisten tcp” option for the Xvesa and Xfbdev servers
- Organised the menu into some semblance of order
- Added localscript.sh in /home/knoppix so you can execute custom commands on bootup by USB, floppy or HD restore
- Added Flash script
- Changed Firefox script to work with 586 machines
- Tweaked apt a little
- Removed swat

• La instalación es sencilla, los pasos son los siguientes:

Lo primero es descargarse la última versión de Syslinux de http://syslinux.zytor.com/
Syslinux es un Boot-loader para el sistema operativo GNU/Linux que arranca desde una partición MS-DOS/Windows del tipo FAT. Se utiliza para la primera instalación de Linux y también, como es nuestro caso, para la creación de disquetes de rescate o para otros propósitos como el que nos ocupa. Un disco o Pendrive que arranque con Syslinux puede ser manipulado utilizando un MS-DOS Standard (o cualquier otro SO que pueda acceder al sistema de ficheros de MS-DOS).

Posteriormente deberemos copiar el contenido de la distribución Linux que queramos arrancar en el pendrive, en nuestro caso, los ficheros que se encuentran dentro del siguiente archivo ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/featherlinux/feather-0.5.1-usb.zip

Ahora sólo nos queda ejecutar Syslinux para configurar el arranque del pendrive:

• En Linux se pondría:

Ahora simplemente nos quedaría configurar la BIOS para que arranque como primer dispositivo el USB-HDD y listo.

Hay también una lista muy completa de distribuciones live para Pendrives.

Espero que os sirva de ayuda…